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Biochemical Technology Focuses on Three Areas
Biochemicals is one of the frontier fields of chemical engineering. Its mission is to transform the discovery of life sciences into actual products, processes or systems to meet the needs of society. With the rapid development of life sciences, more and more biological high-tech products need to be manufactured with high-efficiency processing technology for industrial scale production, so as to be invincible in the high-quality, low-cost and short-time fierce competition. In recent years, bio-chemical development has been very rapid. In the next 10 years, bio-chemical research and development will mainly involve three fields: bio-high-tech pharmaceutical products, resources and energy products, and environmental protection. It is recommended that the relevant departments in China concentrate their efforts on breaking through the following seven key topics. -- Biotransformation This is a difficult but significant issue. The demand for chiral drugs has stimulated the use of enzymes and cells in drug synthesis, and the work of the American MIT Krebnov and others has raised an upsurge of acid catalysis in the organic phase. Organic synthesis using enzymes and cells instead of chemical catalysts is characterized by selective selectivity, simple steps, mild process, etc. Some reactions that cannot be performed using conventional chemical methods can be performed by enzymes and cells. However, the weaknesses of enzymes and cells are instability, high cost, and very limited reaction rate, resulting in most of the biotransformation at the research stage. To overcome this weakness, enzymes and cells must be stabilised biologically and chemically. Some of the units in China attach importance to extreme microbes, and one of their backgrounds is also the application of biotransformation. As a biochemist, on the one hand, cooperation with the upstream, on the other hand, through the chemical modification reaction and the optimization of the reaction conditions, as well as the selection of suitable products and systems, it is possible to achieve a breakthrough in this field. - An ecological biological preparation project The biochemical research personnel with serious environmental problems in China, with good chemical engineering background and biotechnology knowledge, will play an important role in reducing waste discharge and recycling of wastes. It should be particularly pointed out that the recycled waste is actually a kind of renewable resource, and its comprehensive utilization can even produce high value-added products. It is suggested that in accordance with the national development strategic goals, the “Ecosystem, Recycling, Coordination, and Recycling†ecological engineering principles should be used to carry out the engineering basic research of the agricultural-industrial ecological bio-processing and provide a model for sustainable development. The work in this area is just a start. It is very difficult but significant. - An animal cell scale culture and human stem cell culture Although the current scale of stem cell culture is not large, it is necessary to convert a very small amount of primitive stem cells into a certain amount of required cells in a relatively short period of time and maintain the quality. Research on specialty bioreactors and culture methods has brought new challenges to biochemical research. - Resources and preparation of a natural product First of all, on the basis of Chinese herbal resources, the use of scale-based culture techniques may reduce or even eliminate the dependence on natural plants. For such a vegetation we have a large area of ​​destruction, severe desertification, and a large area of ​​drought and water shortage. The state is a strategic measure for sustainable development. However, the large-scale cultivation of plant cells is costly, and the resulting secondary metabolites content often changes, hindering the development of large scale plant cell cultures. In this regard, on the one hand, it should cooperate with the upstream biotechnology field, adopt genetic engineering methods to improve the ability of effective ingredient synthesis, and on the other hand, it must strengthen innovation on the system it cultivates. Relative to dispersed plant cells, the cultivation of certain plant tissues and organs often results in higher secondary metabolites, and rapid propagation of large-scale plantlets can also be performed in the reactor. This kind of reactor is not limited to existing microbial fermenter-derived devices, but should be like a "factory agricultural" type device, with a corresponding optimized control system. Secondly, in the preparation of natural products, we must give full play to the advantages of biochemical separation technology, and replace some of the backward processes in the preparation of existing Chinese herbal medicines with high-efficiency separation and purification technologies such as chromatography and membrane separation to optimize the entire process and improve product yield. Rate, purity, comprehensive utilization of components, reducing solvent consumption, reducing costs, and developing environmental optimization processes. - Protein folding refolding process and anti-inactivation technology In order to improve the purity and yield of the product, it is necessary to study the technique of anti-inactivation during the separation and purification of the product. These include the replacement of severe operations with relatively gentle operations to avoid large inactivation of the product; the integration of the separation process to shorten the separation time and operating steps; the addition of suitable protective agents to enhance product stability and the like. - A combination of chemical and biological methods to develop a new type of human red blood cell substitutes The key to researching human blood substitutes is how to replace the red blood cell oxygen transport function in the blood. The novel red blood cell substitutes have the advantages of carrying and releasing oxygen, and are convenient for preservation and transportation, avoiding the troubles of matching blood types and the fear of cross-infection, and can also be new drugs for treating cardiovascular and cerebral hypoxic diseases and oxygenating agents for treating tumors. The successful development of human red blood cell substitutes in China will produce incalculable economic benefits and far-reaching social benefits. The combination of chemistry and biology is a new technology for the development of new blood red blood cell substitutes. With the protection of oxygen and oxygen from proteins and enzymes, and protection from chemical modification, it is possible to solve the problem of oxygen delivery and stability of red blood cell substitutes and become a new generation of red blood cell substitutes. - An intrinsic cellulosic bioconversion and its biomass utilization The complexity of lignocellulosic biotransformation stems from the multicomponent and structural robustness. The chemical structures and biological properties of cellulose, hemicellulose, and essentialin are very different, and are intertwined and difficult to separate; coupled with the low production efficiency and high cost of cellulase, leading to the relative costs of pretreatment and bioconversion improve. However, it is difficult to achieve the goal of simultaneous utilization of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin by using the current single bioconversion technology. Based on the above analysis and the consideration of ecological environment and economic benefits, the three components of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin should be reasonably and effectively used at the same time, ie, the full utilization of lignocellulose biomass should be achieved.